УДК 338.43:336.64:631.1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2026-1-20
JEL classification: Q12, Q14, G32, M21
Published: 25.02.2026
The paper examines the mechanisms of cost management and financial reserve formation in agricultural enterprises as key determinants of profitability and economic security. The relevance of the topic is driven by rising operational costs and the financial vulnerability of the sector amid wartime and post-war challenges. The aim is to substantiate the theoretical foundations and develop practical recommendations for cost optimisation and financial resource reservation. The study employs methods of theoretical generalisation, analytical, comparative, and structural-logical analysis. The essence of cost management is revealed through the functions of planning, standardisation, accounting, and control; the distinction between fixed and variable costs is justified as the basis for marginal analysis and break-even point calculation. Three key functions of financial reserves within the enterprise economic security system are identified: protective, stabilising, and investment. Analysis of the profitability dynamics of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises in 2019-2023 revealed a critical decline in operational profitability in 2022 – from 34.9% to 14.1% – followed by a recovery to 20.3% in 2023. It was established that enterprises with pre-formed financial reserves demonstrated a shallower decline and faster recovery of performance indicators. Five groups of cost-driving factors were identified: energy, material, financial, logistical, and operational. A system of practical mechanisms is proposed: responsibility centre budgeting, cost controlling, standardisation, logistics optimisation, and precision farming technologies with resource savings of 3-20%. A reservation standard of no less than 15-20% of seasonal operational costs is substantiated. It is proven that cost management and reservation form a mutually reinforcing system: cost optimisation reduces the need for reserves, while reserves enable a balanced cost strategy without threatening the enterprise’s current liquidity.
Keywords: agricultural enterprise, cost management, financial reserves, profitability, economic security, return on investment, financial and economic stability, precision farming.
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Quote article, APA style
Oliinyk A. Management of expenses and financial reserves of agricultural enterprises as the basis for ensuring profitability and economic security. West Ukrainian National University. 2026. №1. 110-113 pp. https://doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2026-1-20
Quote article, MLA style
Oliinyk A. Management of expenses and financial reserves of agricultural enterprises as the basis for ensuring profitability and economic security. West Ukrainian National University. https://doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2026-1-20