УДК 331.105:355

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2025-1-65

Larina Tetiana,
Doctor of Sciences in Economics, Professor, Professor of the Department of Economics and Business,
State Biotechnological University, Ukraine,
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3149-8430

JEL classification: E24; J24

The purpose of the article is to analyze the impact of martial law on the development of human capital in Ukraine, identify the main challenges facing citizens and society, as well as develop recommendations to minimize the negative consequences of the conflict for the country’s socioeconomic stability and identify key areas for the restoration and development of human capital in the post-war period. The impact of martial law on human capital development in Ukraine is studied, and new challenges for citizens and society are formed. It is established that the war has become the main factor that disrupted existing socio-economic structures and caused the need to adapt to new conditions. It is analyzed that the war led to significant changes in the labor market through the mobilization of a substantial part of the working-age population, which significantly reduced the number of available jobs and caused the growth of the shadow economy due to the outflow of qualified personnel. The issue of gender and age imbalances that arise in connection with military operations is revealed, which contributes to the change of social structures and leads to a certain segregation in the labor market. The problem of adapting women and youth to new economic realities is particularly acute, where reorientation to other professional skills and the ability to quickly retrain and adapt to market conditions is necessary. The problem of migration of the working-age population and its impact on the restoration of human capital is analyzed. Millions of Ukrainians have become internal or external migrants, which has created additional challenges for integration into new economic systems and labor markets. It is established that because of migration, problems arise with the protection of labor rights and employment, particularly due to different social and professional standards in other countries. The need to revise the national strategy for developing human capital in war conditions, considering new realities and challenges, is also revealed. It is analyzed to restore economic stability. Special attention should be paid to developing educational and professional programs to help people adapt to changes and increase their competitiveness in the labor market.

Keywords: martial law, human capital, socio-economic structures, employee qualifications, labor market, mobilization, migration, professional retraining.

Rеferences

1. Keeley, B. Human Capital. How what you know shapes your life. OECD, 2007. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/ content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2007/02/human-capital_g1gh7c78/9789264029095-en.pdf.
2. Ukraina zalyshaietsia krainoiu z vysokym Indeksom liudskoho rozvytku: zvit UNDP [Ukraine Remains a Country with a High Human Development Index: UNDP Report]. UNDP Ukraina. Available at: https://www.undp.org/uk/ukraine/press-releases/ukrayina-zalyshayetsya-krayinoyu-z-vysokym-indeksom-lyudskoho-rozvytku-zvit-undp?utm_source=chatgpt.com.
3. Rishennia dlia peremohy: doslidnyky vyznachyly indeks liudskoho kapitalu dlia vidnovlennia v Ukraini [Solutions for Victory: Researchers Determined the Human Capital Index for Ukraine’s Recovery]. Rubryka. Available at: https://rubryka.com/2023/10/17/indeks-lyudskogo-kapitalu/?utm_source=chatgpt.com.
4. Trudovi resursy dlia povoyennoho vidnovlennia v Ukraini (cherven 2024 r.) [Labour Resources for Post-War Recovery in Ukraine (June 2024)]. Tsentr Razumkova. Available at: https://razumkov.org.ua/napriamky/sotsiologichni-doslidzhennia/trudovi-resursy-dlia-povoiennogo-vidnovlennia-ukrainy-cherven-2024r?utm_source=chatgpt.com.
5. Stratehiia demohrafichnoho rozvytku Ukrainy na period do 2024 roku [Strategy of Demographic Development of Ukraine until 2024]. Ministerstvo sotsialnoi polityky Ukrainy. Available at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/922-2024-%D1%80#Text.
6. Marushchak, O. Skhid Ukrainy ryzykuiie staty “monholskoiu pustkoiu”: demohraf rozpoviv pro krytychnu sytuatsiiu v kraini [Eastern Ukraine Risks Becoming a “Mongolian Desert”: A Demographer Told about the Critical Situation in the Country]. TSN. Available at: https://tsn.ua/exclusive/shid-ukrayini-rizikuye-stati-mongolskoyu-pustkoyu-demograf-rozpoviv-pro-kritichnu-situaciyu-v-krayini-2751669.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com.
7. Pishchulina, O. Liudskyi kapital – vyklyky dlia vidnovlennia Ukrainy [Human Capital – Challenges for Ukraine’s Recovery]. Tsentr Razumkova. Available at: https://razumkov.org.ua/images/2024/05/29/2024-PAKT-9.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com.
8. Larina, T., Stepanenko, S., Horodetska, T. Rol Ukrainy u formuvanni intelektualnoho kapitalu krain YeS [The Role of Ukraine in the Formation of the Intellectual Capital of EU Countries]. Prychornomorski ekonomichni studii. 2023, issue 81, pp. 24–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32782/bses.81-4.
9. Mobilizatsiinyi rezerv [Mobilization Reserve]. TEXTY.ORG.UA. Available at: https://texty.org.ua/projects/111874/ mobilizacijnyj-rezerv/ ?utm_source=chatgpt.com.

The article was received 05.01.2025