# 27 165-169 View full article

УДК 167.7 : [005.591.6 +004.67] : 338.432

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2025-1-27

Melnyk Maria,
Ph.D. student of Department of Cadastre of Territory of Institute of Geodesy,
Lviv Polytechnic National University,
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8348-9558
Stupen Nazar,
Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Professor of Department of Cadastre of Territory of Institute of Geodesy,
Lviv Polytechnic National University
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1238-4016

We live in a three-dimensional world. Recently, there has been an increase in three-dimensional situations in which different property units (possibly with different types of land use) are located one above the other or are built in more complex structures. Traditional cadastres based on the paradigm of two-dimensional parcels do not provide the necessary tools to record and visualize such situations effectively. The complex geospatial situations of real estate objects that have developed in many cities around the world and in Ukraine require a new approach to real estate management that would allow registering these objects and rights in 3D. The 3D cadastre system treats the objects of registration as three-dimensional and guarantees ownership of the object and the space above and below it. The article discusses three main conceptual models of 3D cadastre and their alternatives: full 3D cadastre, hybrid 3D cadastre and 3D tags. The article analyses Ukrainian legislation in the field of cadastre and its readiness for the implementation of a three-dimensional system. A conceptual model of a 3D cadastre for Ukraine has been developed. It is proposed that new objects in the cadastral system of Ukraine be introduced in the form of 3D land parcels and 3D properties. Visualization of the proposed objects is presented. The 3D cadastre system will help to manage real estate (land and housing) accurately. The information contained in the databases of the 3D cadastre system will provide land registrars, surveyors, architects, developers, designers, real estate agents, local governments, and corporate owners with the necessary data. International experience shows that implementing a 3D cadastre system is effective, particularly in integrated resource management at the local level, increasing the investment attractiveness of territories by guaranteeing all rights to owners of any 3D property and reducing the number of property disputes. The research results can be used in further large-scale studies on implementing a three-dimensional cadastral system in Ukraine.

Keywords: conceptual model, 3D cadastre, 3D land parcel, 3D property, cadastre.

Rеferences

  1. Peter van Oosterom et al. (2018). Best practices 3D cadastres: Extended version. International Federation of Surveyors. Available at: https://gdmc.nl/3dcadastres/FIG_3DCad.pdf.
  2. Stoter, J. E. (2004). 3D Cadastre. Available at: https://gdmc.nl/3dcadastre/literature/3Dcad_2004_01.pdf.
  3. Karabin, M. (2014). A concept of a model approach to the 3D cadastre in Poland: Technical and legal aspects. In 4th International Workshop on 3D Cadastres, 9-11 November 2014, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Available at: https://gdmc.nl/3dcadastre/literature/3Dcad_2014_30.pdf.
  4. Duma, Yu. (2014). Neobkhidnist zaprovadzhennia 3D-kadastru v Ukraini [The necessity of introducing 3D cadastre in Ukraine]. Visnyk Lvivskoho natsionalnoho ahrarnoho universytetu. Seriia: Ekonomika APK, no. 21 (2), pp. 108–112.
  5. Kondratenko, D. Yu. (2015). Pravovi problemy zaprovadzhennia tryvymirnoi oblikovoi systemy zemel u sferi zemelnykh vidnosyn [Legal issues of implementing a three-dimensional land accounting system in land relations]. Naukovyi visnyk NUBiP Ukrainy. Seriia: Pravo, no. 218, pp. 137–145.
  6. Shipulin, V. D. (2022). Suchasni kadastrovi systemy nerukhomosti [Modern cadastral property systems]: Lecture notes for PhD students in Geodesy and Land Management.
  7. Dubnytska, M. V., & Krelshtein, P. D. (2016). 3D kadastr, yak instrument rehuliuvannia maivnovykh vidnosyn u sferi zemli ta nerukhomosti [3D cadastre as a tool for regulating property relations in land and real estate]. Mistobuduvannia ta terytorialne planuvannia, no. 60, pp. 124–131. Available at: https://repositary.knuba.edu.ua/handle/987654321/6962.
  8. Hubar, Yu., Khavar, Yu., & Vash, Ya. (2021). Shliakhy rozvytku natsionalnykh kadastryvykh system [Ways of developing national cadastral systems]. Suchasni dosiahnennia heodezychnoi nauky ta vyrobnytstva, no. 1 (41),
    151–163. Available at: http://zgt.com.ua/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/20.pdf.
  9. Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping (ICSM). (2020). Cadastre definitions glossary (Version 1.1). Cadastre Working Group (CWG). Available at: https://www.icsm.gov.au/publications/cadastre-definitions-glossary-v11-october-2020.
  10. Verkhovna Rada Ukrainy. (2001). Zemelnyi kodeks Ukrainy [Land Code of Ukraine]: Code, Law No. 2768-III, 25 October 2001. Available at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2768-14#Text.
  11. Verkhovna Rada Ukrainy. (2011). Pro Derzhavnyi zemelnyi kadastr [On the State Land Cadastre]: Law of Ukraine No. 3613-VI, 7 July 2011. Available at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3613-17#Text.
  12. Kabinet Ministriv Ukrainy. (2011). Pro mistobudivnyi kadastr [On Urban Planning Cadastre]: Resolution No. 559, 25 May 2011. Available at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/559-2011-%D0%BF#Text.
  13. Verkhovna Rada Ukrainy. (2011). Pro rehuliuvannia mistobudivnoi diialnosti [On Regulation of Urban Development Activities]: Law of Ukraine No. 3038-VI, 17 February 2011. Available at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3038-17#Text.
  14. Kabinet Ministriv Ukrainy. (2021). Deiaki pytannia zabezpechennia funktsionuvannia Yedynoi derzhavnoi elektronnoi systemy u sferi budivnytstva [Some issues of ensuring the functioning of the Unified State Electronic System in the field of construction]: Resolution No. 681, 23 June 2021. Available at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/681-2021-%D0%BF#Text.
  15. Stupen, N. M., Melnyk, M. L., & Bida, I. V. (2024). Pravovi aspekty 3D kadastru v Ukraini ta sviti [Legal aspects of 3D cadastre in Ukraine and worldwide]. In Proceedings of the International Scientific and Technical Conference “Geoforum-2024”, April 10–12, 2024, Lviv–Bryukhovychi (pp. 130–132).
  16. Ying, S., Guo, R., Li, L., & He, B. (2012). Application of 3D GIS to 3D cadastre in urban environment. In 3rd International Workshop on 3D Cadastres: Developments and Practices, 25–26 October 2012, Shenzhen, China.

The article was received 03.01.2025